![]() Nickel-metal hydride batteries, used routinely in computer and medical equipment, offer reasonable specific energy and specific power capabilities. Research and development are ongoing to reduce their relatively high cost, extend their useful life, and address safety concerns in regard to overheating. Most of today's all-electric vehicles and PHEVs use lithium-ion batteries, though the exact chemistry often varies from that of consumer electronics batteries. Department of Energy is also supporting the Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Prize to develop and demonstrate profitable solutions for collecting, sorting, storing, and transporting spent and discarded lithium-ion batteries for eventual recycling and materials recovery. ![]() Most components of lithium-ion batteries can be recycled, but the cost of material recovery remains a challenge for the industry. They also have a high power-to-weight ratio, high energy efficiency, good high-temperature performance, and low self-discharge. Lithium-ion batteries are currently used in most portable consumer electronics such as cell phones and laptops because of their high energy per unit mass relative to other electrical energy storage systems. The following energy storage systems are used in all-electric vehicles, PHEVs, and HEVs. Most plug-in hybrids and all-electric vehicles use lithium-ion batteries like these.Įnergy storage systems, usually batteries, are essential for all-electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).
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